Useful for Pathology residents preparing for, NEET-SS/ DM- Oncopathology/ DM Histopathogy, Nephropathology Fellowships, FRCPath- Histopathology, American Board of anatomic and clinical pathology.
Tag: DM Histopathology
Gastrointestinal pathology MCQs
Central nervous system tumors pathology mcq pdf
Central nervous system tumors pathology mcq pdf with answers – Useful for NEET-SS Oncopathology, DM Histopathology, NIMHANS- Neuropathology fellowships and FRCPath-Histopathology.
LIKED THE QUIZ? CLICK TO LEAVE A TIP
Renal pathology quiz
Renal pathology quiz on 18/06/21
Useful for Pathology residents preparing for, NEET-SS/ DM- Oncopathology/ DM Histopathogy, Nephropathology Fellowships, FRCPath- Histopathology, American Board of anatomic and clinical pathology.
QUIZ will be live on 18/6/20
Meanwhile you may solve the quizzes below.
Difference between PSTT ( Placental site trophoblastic tumor) and Choriocarcinoma- Vascular invasion
CHENILLE BODIES IN ELASTOFIBROMA
Molecular pathology of ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS
Molecular pathology of ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS – based on WHO 2020 Soft tissue and bone tumors.
LIPOMAS
The pathogenesis of lipomas is related to reactivated expression of the HMGA2 protein, which plays a role in the development of the mesodermal lineage during embryogenesis
- ANGIOLIPOMA– The majority (80%) have been reported to have low-frequency PRKD2 mutations.
- CHONDROID LIPOMA– is characterized by a recurrent t(11;16) (q13;p13) chromosomal translocation.
- SPINDLE CELL/PLEOMORPHIC LIPOMA: is characterized 13q deletions /RB GENE.
- MYOLIPOMA: Cytogenetic alterations of the HMGA2 gene have been reported in a few cases
LIPOSARCOMA
- Atypical lipomatous tumour/well differentiated liposarcoma: characterized by supernumerary ring and giant marker chromosomes,containing amplified sequence of MDM2
- DEDIFFERENTIATED liposarcoma– Amplified MDM2
- MYXOID LIPOSARCOMA– Translocations producing FUS-DDIT3 or rarely EWSR1-DDIT3 fusion transcripts are pathognomonic
- PLEOMORPHIC LIPOSARCOMA: Complex karyotypes. . The most frequent mutations involve TP53 and NF1.
OTHER ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS
- HIBERNOMA: Cytogenetically, almost all hibernomas have breakpoints in chromosome arm 11q, with a distinctive clustering to 11q13.
- LIPOBLASTOMA: The most common numerical change is one or more extra copies of chromosome 8, with or without concurrent rearrangement of 8q11-q13
VIEW THE SHORT VIDEO FOR A QUICK SUMMARY
Conditions associated with DICER- 1 syndrome
DICER-1 SYNDROME IS A Rare Autosomal Dominant cancer syndrome Caused by inactivating germline mutations in genes encoding DICER-1. It is an RNase involved in the generation of mature miRNA.
CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DICER-1 SYNDROME.
1. PLEUROPULMONARY BLASTOMA:
- Type I tumors are cyst -like tumors in the lung. They are most common in children aged 2 years and younger and have a good chance of recovery. …
- Type II tumors are cyst-like with some solid parts. These tumors sometimes spread to the brain or other parts of the body.
- Type III tumors are solid tumors
2. OVARIAN SERTOLI- LEYDIG CELL TUMOR:
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (SLCT) is a rare cancer of the ovaries. The cancer cells produce and release a male sex hormone called testosterone. The exact cause of this tumor is not known
3. CYSTIC NEPHROMA OF KIDNEY:
Cystic nephroma is a rare kidney neoplasm belonging to the entity of cystic tumours. It is a slow-growing tumour, which develops insidiously, sometimes reaching a considerable size. The diagnosis is more often accidental (except for mass syndrome in children). It is a benign tumour that may be treated by partial sparing nephrectomy
4.MULTINODULAR GOITRE:
Multinodular Goiter (MNG) is defined as the special condition of thyroid glands, where there are multiple lumps (nodules) formed.
5. PITUTARY TUMOR:
Pituitary tumors are abnormal growths that develop in your pituitary gland. Some pituitary tumors result in too much of the hormones that regulate important functions of your body. Some pituitary tumors can cause your pituitary gland to produce lower levels of hormones.
6. OCULAR MEDULLOBLASTOMA:
Medulloblastoma is the commonest childhood malignant central nervous system tumour. It occurs in the midline of the cerebellum
7. EMBRYONAL RHABDOMYOSARCMA:
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) ERMS usually affects children in their first 5 years of life, but it can occur at older ages as well. ERMS tends to occur in the head and neck area, bladder, vagina, or in or around the prostate and testicles.
8.PINEALOBLASTOMA:
Pineoblastoma is more aggressive than other types of pineal gland tumors. Its fast growth usually causes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to build up in the brain. This condition is called hydrocephalus. While pineoblastoma may spread through the CSF in 10% to 20% of cases, most of the time the tumors do not spread to other parts of the body.
Click below for a quick summary
VITAL, SUPRAVITAL AND INTRAVITAL STAINING
Vital, supravital and intravital staining are three different types of staining techniques. However, vital and supravital terms are often used interchangeably.
Let’s look at some of the major differences in staining between the three and why these terms shouldn’t be used interchangeably.
1. VITAL STAINING
1.Contrary to the name, vital stains are taken up by dead cells and not by living cells.
2. Demonstration of nuclear staining using a vital stain signifies cells death, because living cells are impermeable to the stain.
3. Example: Tryptan blue and propiodine iodine
VITAL STAINS ATE TOO BULKY OR TOO CHARGED THEY CANNOT ENTER LIVE CELLS- Hence only stain dead cells.
2. SUPRAVITAL STAINS
1. Supravital staining is a method of staining used in microscopy to examine living cells that have been removed from an organism.
2. Those that enter and stain living cells are called supravital stains
3. Examples New Methylene Blue and Brilliant Cresyl Blue for reticulocyte staining.
3. INTRAVITAL STAIN
1. Intravital staining of living cells is done by injecting the dye into any part of the animal body (either intravenous, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous), producing specific coloration of certain cells, particularly those of the reticulo-endothelial system.
2. Common dyes used are lithium, carmine and India ink.
There you go!! Hope the confusion is cleared.
For multiple choice questions on staining
Check below for a quick summary.
Molecular pathogenesis of ovarian epithelial tumors.
Molecular progression of serous ovarian tumor. Borderline low and high grade
1.Molecular progression of low grade ovarian serous tumors.
There is data to suggest progression from serous cystadenoma / cystadenofibroma with BRAF / KRAS mutations → SBT (serous borderline tumor) → LGSC (Low grade serous carcinoma) ; however, this is still controversial
2. Molecular progression of high grade serous ovarian tumors.
TP53 alterations in nearly all cases of high grade serous carcinoma
Germline, somatic or promoter hypermethylation (inactivation) of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in ~50% of cases