5 Differences between perilobar and intralobar nephrogenic rests. Nephrogenic rests are abnormally per sistent foci of embryonal cells (still pre sent after 36 weeks of gestation) that are potentially capable of developing into nephroblastoma (also called Wilms tumour). The presence of diffuse or multifocal nephrogenic rests is called nephroblastomatosis. Nephrogenic rests are found in 25-40% of patients with nephroblastoma, and in approximately 1% of term infant autopsies. Nephrogenic rests can be found adjacent to nephroblastoma or in the surrounding renal parenchyma. They are classified into perilobar and intralobar types. Here are 5 differences between perilobar and intralobar nephrogenic rests. 1. LOCATION Perilobar nephrogenic rests are peripherally located, wheras intralobar nephrogenic rests are randomly intermingled between the renal parenchyma, typically located in the central areas of the lobe. 2. DEMARCATION FROM ADJACENT PARENCHYMA Perilobar nephrogenic rests are sharply demarcated from the surrounding tissue, whereas intralobar nephrogenic rests are poorly demarcated, usually infiltrate among native nephrons. 3. STROMA Perilobar nephrogenic rests have scanty stroma, whereas intralobar nephrogenic rests are and are composed mainly of stromal and epithelial elements. 4. FOCALITY Perilobar nephrogenic rests are usually multifocal whereas, intralobar nephrogenic rests are mostly unifocal (often single). 5. ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS Perilobar nephrogenic rests are associated with hemihypertrophy and overgrowth syndromes such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. lntralobar nephrogenic rests are associated with Denys-Drash syndrome (which is associated with nephroblastoma, pseudohermaphrodit ism, glomerulopathy, and renal failure) and WAGR syndrome (Wilms tumour / nephroblastoma, aniridia, genitourinary anomalies, and mental retardation syndrome). PERILOBAR AND INTRALOBAR NEPHROGENIC RESTS HISTOPATHOLOGIC PICTURES. Difference between perilobar and intralobar nephrogenic rests. PARIS SYSTEM FOR REPORTING URINARY CYTOLOGY MCQs by Pathology MCQs 22 Mar 2022 Breast Pathology MCQ 1 by Pathology MCQs 12 Mar 2022 CNS Pathology case based MCQs-2 by Pathology MCQs 23 Feb 2022 Share this:FacebookTelegramWhatsAppMoreLinkedInTwitterLike this:Like Loading...
CHENILLE BODIES IN ELASTOFIBROMA The fragments of elastic fibers seen in elastofibroma are typically arranged linearly, creating a “beads on a string” appearance, and are known as chenille bodies. FOR LATEST BLOGS CNS Pathology case based MCQs-1 by Pathology MCQs 22 Feb 2022 Central nervous system pathology MCQ 1 by Pathology MCQs 13 Feb 2022 Characteristics of Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition by Pathology MCQs 7 Dec 2021 Share this:FacebookTelegramWhatsAppMoreLinkedInTwitterLike this:Like Loading...
Molecular pathology of ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS Molecular pathology of ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS – based on WHO 2020 Soft tissue and bone tumors. LIPOMAS The pathogenesis of lipomas is related to reactivated expression of the HMGA2 protein, which plays a role in the development of the mesodermal lineage during embryogenesis ANGIOLIPOMA– The majority (80%) have been reported to have low-frequency PRKD2 mutations. CHONDROID LIPOMA– is characterized by a recurrent t(11;16) (q13;p13) chromosomal translocation.SPINDLE CELL/PLEOMORPHIC LIPOMA: is characterized 13q deletions /RB GENE.MYOLIPOMA: Cytogenetic alterations of the HMGA2 gene have been reported in a few cases LIPOSARCOMA Atypical lipomatous tumour/well differentiated liposarcoma: characterized by supernumerary ring and giant marker chromosomes,containing amplified sequence of MDM2DEDIFFERENTIATED liposarcoma– Amplified MDM2MYXOID LIPOSARCOMA– Translocations producing FUS-DDIT3 or rarely EWSR1-DDIT3 fusion transcripts are pathognomonicPLEOMORPHIC LIPOSARCOMA: Complex karyotypes. . The most frequent mutations involve TP53 and NF1. OTHER ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS HIBERNOMA: Cytogenetically, almost all hibernomas have breakpoints in chromosome arm 11q, with a distinctive clustering to 11q13.LIPOBLASTOMA: The most common numerical change is one or more extra copies of chromosome 8, with or without concurrent rearrangement of 8q11-q13 VIEW THE SHORT VIDEO FOR A QUICK SUMMARY View this post on Instagram A post shared by Pathology Mcqs (@pathology_mcqs) Share this:FacebookTelegramWhatsAppMoreLinkedInTwitterLike this:Like Loading...
Molecular pathogenesis of ovarian epithelial tumors. Molecular progression of serous ovarian tumor. Borderline low and high grade 1.Molecular progression of low grade ovarian serous tumors. There is data to suggest progression from serous cystadenoma / cystadenofibroma with BRAF / KRAS mutations → SBT (serous borderline tumor) → LGSC (Low grade serous carcinoma) ; however, this is still controversial 2. Molecular progression of high grade serous ovarian tumors. TP53 alterations in nearly all cases of high grade serous carcinoma Germline, somatic or promoter hypermethylation (inactivation) of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in ~50% of cases RB-1 DELETED SOFT TISSUE TUMORS by Pathology MCQs 6 Dec 2021 SALIVARY GLAND PATHOLOGY QUIZ by Pathology MCQs 16 Nov 2021 THYROID PATHOLOGY QUIZ by Pathology MCQs 26 Oct 2021 Share this:FacebookTelegramWhatsAppMoreLinkedInTwitterLike this:Like Loading...
Some gastrointestinal pathogens and their differentiating features. FOR MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Gastrointestinal pathogens are very common in routine practice. It takes experience and keen observation to differentiate gastrointestinal pathogens from one another. In case of confusion, go with your ‘GUT’ feeling. Lets look at a few differentiating features of Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum and Isospora belli. GIARDIA LAMBLIA: Pear shaped trophozoites with 2 ovoid nuclei, present in the luminal surface. They are 10-15 microns in length and 5-9 microns in width. GIARDIA IS SEEN IN THE LUMINAL SURFACE CRYPTOSPORIDIUM IS SEEN ATTACHED TO ENTEROCYTES LIKE SMALL BEADS. 2. CRYPTOSOPORIDIUM PARVUM In tissue biopsies, 2 – 5 μm basophilic round bodies are seen protruding from the apex of enterocytes (“blue beads”) within the cell membrane. Parasites bulge out of apex of epithelial cells ISOSPORA IS LARGEST AMONG THE THREE. IN CONTRAST TO GIARDIA AND CRYPTOSPORIDIUM – ISOSPORA DOES NOT HAVE AN APICAL LOCATION, INSTEAD LOCATED IN THE TIP OF VILLI. 3. ISOSPORA BELLI Oocysts are generally ovoid to ellipsoid in shape, range from 10-40µm in length by 10-30µm in width. Cysts are present in PARASITO-PHOROUS VACUOLE. Does not have an apical location. FOR MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Look below for a quick summary DM Hematopathology- PGIMER recall questions by Pathology MCQs 29 Sep 2021 ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY QUIZ by Pathology MCQs 2 Aug 2021 Differences between Kimura disease and Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia by Pathology MCQs 29 Jul 2021 Share this:FacebookTelegramWhatsAppMoreLinkedInTwitterLike this:Like Loading...
Differences between Kimura disease and Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia by Pathology MCQs 29 Jul 2021