Tag: FRCPath
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Tips to study for FRCPath Histopathology Part -1
FRCPath Part-1 is an examination conducted twice a year. March (Spring session and September (Autumn session). Find some tips to study to clear this examination.
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BLACK FUNGUS WHITE FUNGUS AND YELLOW FUNGUS.
BLACK FUNGUS WHITE FUNGUS AND YELLOW FUNGUS. Advertisements COVID -19 second wave and journalism in India have introduced us to Black, white and yellow fungus. What are these originally? Let’s decode some terminilogy. 1. BLACK FUNGUS What is being referred to as black fungus? Mucor is being referred to as the black fungus. Is the fungus itself black in colour? No, in a setting of immunosuppression, mucor grows rapidly causing angioinvasion and tissue necrosis. This results in a blackish appearance of the affected area, giving rise to the name. What is the real black fungus? BLACK FUNGUS WHITE FUNGUS AND YELLOW FUNGUS. Dermataceous fungi Some fungii have excess melanin, also called melanized or dermaticious fungi. They are the real black fungi. Moreover, presence of melanin is not uncommon in Histoplasma spp, Aspergillus spp (especially Aspergillus niger) and even candida spp. 2. WHITE FUNGUS What is being referred to as white fungus? BLACK FUNGUS WHITE FUNGUS AND YELLOW FUNGUS. White patches in candida Candida albicans. This fungus has the tendency to produce patchy white coloured lesions, hence the name. 3. YELLOW FUNGUS What is being referred to as yellow fungus? Mucor septicus. This fungus has not been associated with any human infections till now. It’s identification is still a mystery. What is the real yellow fungus? BLACK FUNGUS WHITE FUNGUS AND YELLOW FUNGUS. Aspergillus in culture central blackish pigment and peripheral yellow to white Aspergillus– When cultured, aspergillus has a blackish center due to the melanin, and whitish or yellowish body. Actinomycetes has a unique feature, pus in this infection has a yellow color due to the presence of sulfur granules. On a lighter note! Since we have started color coding fungi why not go ahead and name a few more! PINK FUNGUS- Tinea versicolor– causes pink coloured patches GREEN FUNGUS- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (not a FUNGUS!!!- well who cares!!) BLACK FUNGUS WHITE FUNGUS AND YELLOW FUNGUS.
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6 KEY POINTS FOR BOARDS – MICROPAPILLARY BREAST CARCINOMA
Micropapillary breast carcinoma is a rare variant. Micropapillary carcinoma of breast has a few unique clinical, microscopic and immunological features which aid in their differentiation from other subtypes of breast carcinoma. Let’s look at them!! 1. Tufts of cells arranged in pseudopapillae ( lack fibrovascular cores). These pseudopapillae are surrounded by empty clear spaces formed […]
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6 KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER IN ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (ALL) – t(5;14)
6 KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER FOR BOARDS – ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEKUKEMIA- t(5;14) Basts harbour a translocation between IL3 and an IGH gene, resulting in variable eosinophilia This diagnosis can be made on the basis of immunophenotypic and genetic findings even if the bone marrow blast count is low. patients may present with an asymptomatic eosinophilia, […]