Here is an overview of Sertoli cell tumors and tumors with close resemblance to Sertoli cell tumors
🎯Sertoli cell tumors
Age of Presentation: Any age
Clinical Features: Testicular pain or incidentally discovered mass. H/o infertility, cryptorchidism, Klinefelter syndrome.
Histology: Sertoli-only tubular-trabecular nodules with thick basement membranes.
Immunohistochemistry: Decreased androgen receptors, variable gain of calretinin, pankeratin, CD56.
🎯Large Cell Calcifying Sertoli Cell Tumors
Age of Presentation: Usually less than 20
Clinical Features: Sporadic: 60%, syndromic: 40% (Carney, Peutz-Jeghers).
Histology: Large eosinophilic/amphophilic cells in cords and trabeculae, sclerotic background, large layered calcium deposits, inflammation.
Immunohistochemistry: Negative androgen receptors, strong diffuse calretinin, consistent S100.
🎯Sclerosing Sertoli Cell Tumors
Age of Presentation: 35 (mean postpubertal)
Clinical Features: Young adults with testicular pain or incidentally discovered mass.
Histology: Thick anastomosing cords of clear cells with abundant cytoplasm, second population of cells with scant cytoplasm in thin cords, tubules or pseudoalveolar patterns; prominent sclerotic and/or hyalinized background.
Immunohistochemistry: Strong androgen receptors, negative inhibin, partial gain of PAX2/PAX8 and S100.
🎯Malignant Sertoli Cell Tumors
Age of Presentation: Older age
Clinical Features: Testicular pain/mass.
Histology: Focal tubular differentiation, atypia, mitoses, necrosis, infiltrative growth pattern, angioinvasion, metastases.
Immunohistochemistry: Markedly reduced androgen receptors, gain of neuroendocrine markers and pankeratin, aberrant expression of unusual markers (e.g., c-Kit).
Reference WHO Tumors of the Urinary and male genital system 5th edition- 2022
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